Social Class in Europe

	Relation to means of production
		Owner	Employees
Number of employees	Many	Capitalists	Expert managers	Skilled managers	Nonskilled managers	Managers	Relation to authority
		1	4	7	10	100
	Few	Small employers	Expert supervisors	Skilled supervisors	Nonskilled supervisors	Supervisors
		2	5	8	11	100
	None	Petty bourgeoisie	Experts	Skilled workers	Nonskilled workers	Non-management
		3	6	9	12	100
			Experts	Skilled	Nonskilled
			100	100	100
			Relation to scarce skills

Reference: Data — European Social Survey. Class scheme — E.O. Wright (1997): Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-42. Scripting — H. Leiulsfrud, I. Bison, E. Solheim (2010): Social Class in Europe II: The European Social Survey 2002-2008. Trondheim: Norwegian University of Technology and Science. Scripts for construction of skill rarity in the newer editions of ESS — A. Tawfik, D. Oesch (2015): Script to construct an indicator of social class in the ESS. Geneva/Lausanne.

The class schemes were recreated using R scripts translated from the Leiulsfrud et al.'s (2010) SPSS script. The skill structure in the data after 2012 was constructed basing on the Oesch's class grid (2015), whereas the Oesch's classes 5, 13, 19 were classified as experts (excluding secondary and vocational teachers), the classes 6, 7, 10, 14 classes as skilled labour force (including secondary and vocational teachers) and the classes 8, 11, 12, 15, 16 as non-skilled labour force.